高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力的社会环境解析     

王启云 《现代情报》2018,38(12):91

探究社会环境新变化对高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力的影响。文章运用文献调查法、内容分析法、环境扫描法,对高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力的发展现状,及其所处社会环境的宏观层面与微观层面进行研究,指出高校图书馆专业馆员职业能力发展的未来趋势。  相似文献   

区块链技术及其对图书馆发展的变革性影响     

黄敏聪 《图书情报工作》2018,62(13):11-18

[目的/意义]阐述区块链技术的发展背景,并在分析区块链技术去中心化、数据可靠以及自动化三大技术特征的基础上,根据美国图书馆界以及学术界的实践与研究成果,总结区块链技术对图书馆的变革性影响,从而提出我国图书馆应对区块链技术变革的对策。[方法/过程]利用文献调研法和比较分析法进行研究,一是从资源维度,分析区块链技术对图书馆新型元数据系统建立、数字资源确权以及资源共享等层面的影响;二是从服务维度,分析区块链技术对图书馆传统借还书服务、科研服务以及服务绩效评价等层面的影响。[结果/结论]我国图书馆界在图书馆区块链技术应用标准制定等层面远落后于国外,但是基于我国目前互联网企业的技术能力以及区块链产业的蓬勃发展,我国图书馆界具备了应用区块链技术的后发优势。因此,我国图书馆界应该加强与互联网企业、区块链技术公司以及相关产业上下游的联系,积极应用区块链技术,开展相关的软件应用以及实践活动,不断改善自身的服务内容与质量,积极拥抱区块链技术变革。  相似文献   

美国大学图书馆参与数字人文课程教育调查与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

先卫红 《图书情报工作》2018,62(22):139-145

[目的/意义] 随着数字人文在全球的兴起,大学图书馆也能为其发展发挥作用,旨为我国大学图书馆信息素养教育发展提供思路和方法。[方法/过程] 基于美国大学图书馆参与数字人文课程教育的成功案例,从参与教育的网站、场所、馆员、方式、项目发布、维护和资源推介等方面进行调研分析。[结果/结论] 美国大学图书馆提供专门的教育空间,并拥有实力雄厚的数字人文馆员,主要是通过多维的合作模式参与教育,并充分利用图书馆网站进行数字人文教育及教育项目的发布与维护。  相似文献   

Old Perseans and the Great War: a study in the alumni of a minor public school     

Hugh Pattenden 《History of education》2018,47(5):628-643

This article will argue that the current historiography considers the ‘public school experience’ of the First World War too narrowly, and will emphasise that boys from a wide range of establishments experienced the war in a similar fashion to those at elite public schools. It will do this through a case study of the alumni of the Perse Grammar School, Cambridge. By approaching the experience of Perseans in a thematic fashion it will shed new light on how the alumni of schools just below and developing towards full public-school status were affected by the war, an area hitherto not fully explored.  相似文献   

Higher education for public value: taking the debate beyond New Public Management     

Bruno Broucker  Kurt De Wit  Jef C. Verhoeven 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(2):227-240

Many higher education (HE) system reforms in the past decades have been built on the paradigm of New Public Management (NPM). However, these reforms have not allowed HE to fully take its value for society into account. In recent years a growing call can be heard to orient the HE sector towards more collaboration, a focus on a larger set of socio-economic objectives instead of on performance alone, less pressure, more trust and legitimacy. In this article, it is stated that NPM has not sufficiently enabled the creation of public value (PV) by the HE sector. This article provides (1) insight into the flaws of NPM, (2) an understanding of PV for HE and (3) a new model to study HE reforms built on the concept of PV.  相似文献   

Institutional shaping of research priorities: A case study on avian influenza     

Matthew L. Wallace  Ismael Ràfols 《Research Policy》2018,47(10):1975-1989

Since outbreaks in 2003, avian influenza has received a considerable amount of funding and become a controversial science policy issue in various respects. Like in many other global and multidisciplinary societal problems fraught with high levels of uncertainty, a variety of perspectives have emerged over how to “tackle” avian influenza and public voices have expressed concern over how research funds are being allocated. In this article, we document if and how research agendas are being informed by public policy debates. We use qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine the relations between expectations of outcomes of public science and the existing research landscape. Interviews with a cross-section of stakeholders reveal a wide range of perspectives and values associated with the nature and objectives of existing research avenues. We find that the landscape of public avian influenza research is not directly driven by expectations of societal outcomes. Instead, it is shaped by three institutional drivers: pharmaceutical industry priorities, publishing and public research funding pressures, and the mandates of science-based policy or public health organizations. These insights suggest that, in research prioritization, funding agencies should embrace a broad perspective of research governance that explicitly considers underlying institutional drivers. Deliberative approaches in public priority setting might help to make agendas more plural and diverse and thus more responsive to the contested and uncertain nature of avian influenza research.  相似文献   

A time to nourish? Evaluating the impact of public procurement on technological generality through patent data     

Emilio Raiteri 《Research Policy》2018,47(5):936-952

Innovative public procurement is increasingly considered as a form of public support for private innovation activities by both innovation scholars and policymakers. Economic historians have suggested an even more fundamental role of public procurement in setting the pace of technological change, reporting how defense-related procurement has had a major impact on the emergence and diffusion of many general purpose technologies developed in the United States in the 20th century. In this paper, I suggest that procurement might represent one of the most important elements in creating the right soil to ‘cultivate’ a technology that may have the potential to reach high levels of pervasiveness. To test this hypothesis, I make use of patent data and patent citations. I design a quasi-experiment to compare the changes in the level of generality level over time, between a group of treated and a group of control patents. A patent is assigned to the treatment group if it receives a citation from a patent related to public procurement. Results suggest a positive and significant impact of innovative public procurement on the generality of a patent.  相似文献   

A comparative evaluation of regional subsidies for collaborative and individual R&D in small and medium-sized enterprises     

Annalisa Caloffi  Marco Mariani  Federica Rossi  Margherita Russo 《Research Policy》2018,47(8):1437-1447

We analyse whether public subsidies supporting collaborative research and development (R&D) projects in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are able to encourage persistent R&D investment and interorganisational networking more than subsidies supporting individual R&D projects. Adopting a counterfactual approach to policy evaluation, we compare subsidies for collaborative R&D and for individual R&D implemented in the same Italian region in the same period. Our findings suggest that, once public support is no longer available, the two subsidies have different effects on different types of SMEs. If the policymakers’ objective is to increase the number of R&D-performing SMEs over time, they should provide subsidies for collaborative R&D to firms with modest R&D experience. If their objective is to increase the amount of spontaneous R&D investment over time, they should target SMEs with some prior R&D experience, using either subsidy. Finally, if their objective is to induce SMEs to network with external organisations, subsidies for collaborative R&D projects should be preferred to subsidies for individual R&D projects.  相似文献   

The climate for entrepreneurship at higher education institutions     

Heiko Bergmann  Mario Geissler  Christian Hundt  Barbara Grave 《Research Policy》2018,47(4):700-716

While the importance of a supportive context for entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged, its antecedents are rarely investigated. We apply the concept of organizational climate to higher education institutions and examine the drivers of students’ perceptions of the entrepreneurial climate in their university. Combining data from two unique datasets and using multilevel techniques, we analyze the relationship between university characteristics and such climate perceptions of 8009 students at public universities in Germany. We find university entrepreneurship measures to have a positive effect on students’ climate perceptions, which also depend on students’ background and gender. In addition, we find evidence for different peer effects, depending on students’ affinity for entrepreneurship. For the general student population, including entrepreneurship content in their normal studies seems to be required to initiate a social process of sensemaking. However, students’ perception of the entrepreneurial climate only depend to a certain degree on intentional entrepreneurship measures. In our study, general university characteristics have the strongest influence on climate perceptions. Overall, our study adds to our understanding of which parameters are important for establishing a more favorable and inspiring climate for becoming an entrepreneur at higher education institutions.  相似文献   

The economic impact of technological procurement for large-scale research infrastructures: Evidence from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN     

Paolo Castelnovo  Massimo Florio  Stefano Forte  Lucio Rossi  Emanuela Sirtori 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1853-1867

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, is the world’s highest-energy particle accelerator. Its construction (1995–2008) required frontier technologies and close collaboration between CERN scientists and contracting firms. The literature on “Big Science” projects suggests that this collaboration generated economic spillovers, particularly through technological learning. CERN granted us access to its procurement database, including suppliers of LHC from 35 countries for orders over 10,000 Swiss Francs. We gathered balance-sheet data for more than 350 of these companies from 1991 to 2014, which include the years before and after that of the first order received. The study assesses, in quantitative terms, whether becoming a CERN supplier induced greater R&D effort and innovative capacity, thus enhancing productivity and profitability. The findings – which controlled for firms’ observable characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and unobserved time, country, industry and firm-level fixed effects – indicate a statistically significant correlation between procurement events and company R&D, knowledge creation and economic performance. The correlation is chiefly driven by high-tech orders; for companies receiving non-high-tech orders, it is weaker, or even statistically not significant.  相似文献